What is GSM?

In wine lover circles, the acronym “GSM” gets tossed around frequently. But for those unfamiliar with this popular blend, what it refers to and why it has surged in recognition may remain a mystery. GSM stands for the grape varieties Grenache, Syrah, and Mourvèdre which are commonly blended together in the iconic wines of France’s Southern Rhône Valley. Due to its balanced flavors, complexity and approachable nature, the GSM blend has skyrocketed from being a wine insider’s secret to landing on wine lists across the globe.

The Roots of Southern Rhône Wines

The Southern Rhône sits as the largest wine growing region in the Rhône Valley, spanning the southeastern swath of France along the Rhône river down to the Mediterranean coast. Under the AOC rules governing wines in the area, reds produced here must contain at least two approved grapes varieties out of a possible thirteen. Grenache and Syrah make up the majority, with Mourvèdre also frequently used. White wines are also produced under more lax restrictions, but make up only about five percent of production. For centuries, winemakers here have crafted full-bodied yet smooth reds that utilize a GSM blend, finding an ideal balance of fruit intensity, spice, floral notes and supple tannins when all three varietals come together.

Why is GSM Used So Often?

The heat of the Mediterranean climate in the Southern Rhône often produces high alcohol wines lacking in acidity or structure on their own. Mourvèdre grapes thrive here, adding tannins, earthiness and darker fruit flavors that lend support. Grenache is king in the area, making up the typical base for its perfumed red fruit notes and ripe character. Finally Syrah contributes color, peppery spice and meaty nuances. Like instruments in an orchestra, on their own they can be unbalanced, but together they make beautiful, harmonious music. A wine labeled simply as a GSM blend indicates that those three varieties make up the entirety of the bottling - allowing their synergy to shine.

Notable Regions for Southern Rhône Wines

Wines featuring GSM blends originate from legendary sub-regions within the Southern Rhône like Châteauneuf-du-Pape, Gigondas, Vacqueyras and Tavel. In Châteauneuf-du-Pape, over 13 different varieties grow, but Grenache predominates, often blended with Syrah and Mourvèdre as well as Cinsault and Counoise. These wines display grenadine, raspberry, leather and licorice on a full frame with dusty, integrated tannins. Whether enjoying bottles from storied houses here like Château de Beaucastel or Domaine du Vieux Télégraphe or rising stars in neighboring areas, the magic combination of Grenache, Syrah and Mourvèdre shape the identity of Southern Rhône reds, proving why GSM deserves all the chatter swirling around it.